Fix is as following:

- Lower the communication frequency as the breadboard does not seem to be compatible with the default 20MHz
for example, use the following:
sdmmc_host_t host = SDSPI_HOST_DEFAULT();
host.max_freq_khz = SDMMC_FREQ_DEFAULT/2; // <- added line, SDMMC_FREQ_PROBING could be used ...

When I use a couple of 16GB SD sards with an ESP32-WROOM-32 that I have an SD Card adapter connected externally I get the same issue (5v:0x107, 3v:0x108).
Following is tried GPIO connection and slot_config values

slot_config.gpio_miso = 2
slot_config.gpio_mosi = 15
slot_config.gpio_sck = 14
slot ...